The Treaty of Cambrai of 1529 marked an important stage in the conflict between the Habsburg and Valois dynasties in the sixteenth century. In the history of diplomacy, it was a rare, if not unique, example of a major peace treaty being instigated, negotiated, and concluded by two women: Louise of Savoy, mother of the French king, Francis I, and Margaret of Austria, the aunt of the Habsburg emperor Charles V. It proved to have lasting effects in the renunciation of French sovereignty over Flanders and Artois, and the abandonment of French efforts to pursue the king's claims to the duchy of Milan and the kingdom of Naples by force.
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